The Arab Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Arab Spring - Essay Example The Arab Spring Freedom that if we do in other countries could either send us to jail or even killed. Yet we take it as an entitlement, something like a birthright. Not so long ago, there was a movement or uprising called The Arab Spring in the Middle East. We all saw it on TV, internet, newspapers and other forms of media but never really cared about. It was a movement of citizens to rise against their governments to have freedom and democracy so that their lives will become better. We may not realize it, but the freedom that our forefathers fought with blood, sweat and tears is not currently enjoyed by many people in other countries. Today, even as this paper is written, there are still a lot of people struggling and fighting for freedom. In the country of Syria, there is now a civil war going on where people have to fight, suffer and die by the thousands, sometimes brutally, just to have freedom. It started in the exercise of freedom that we take granted – protesting and speaking against t he government. While this exercise of freedom is taken very casually here in the United states, that exercise of freedom in Syria was fired upon by the government forces where innocent civilians died. There are still a lot of countries where people do not have the freedom to speak against or criticize their governments. It may be a cliche to mention but its truism never fades no matter how many it is repeated – that we will never know the true value of freedom until it is taken away from us.

Animal Experimentation Essay Example for Free

Animal Experimentation Essay Throughout history, animal experimentation has played an important role in leading to new discoveries and human benefit. However, what many people tend to forget are the great numbers of animal subjects that have suffered serious harm during the process of experimentation. Many people are believed to be ignorant or misunderstand the nature of the lives that animals actually live, and are unable to understand the actual laboratory procedures and techniques. Other than the philosophical questions that arise, ethical (moral) questions are the main reason why many animal right activists want it banned in every country. Activists feel that to this day, there should be no good reason why any living thing should be subjected to this cruel punishment and unwanted torture just for serving another being’s needs. Although animal experimentation has been around for centuries, the ethical revival of realization on the moral status of animals began in the 1970’s. This problem was a few among many that had been quietly hidden for years until the 1970’s. Such movements like gaining rights for the oppressed, expressions of antiwar opinions in the U.  S. A, and the women’s liberation movement, accompanied the movement for the ending animal experimentation. The animal rights movement has grown more and more complicated through its use of strategy and has successfully brought the issue of laboratory research to the eyes of the public. All forms of media, magazines, radio, television, newspapers, have increased their exposure of animal right protests over the last several years while giving room for groups to produce their own publications. In these publications, activists constantly make the analogy between the work of abolitionists before the emancipation and the efforts of animal right activists. This analogy of racism and â€Å"speciesism† was brought about by a philosopher named Richard Ryder in 1985 and brings up the issue of research with animal subjects to be emotionally unpredictable for many people. (Sperling Susan – Applied Ethics in Animal Research Introduction pgs 4-6) One of the biggest problems and the main reason why animal experimentation should be banned is the large percentage of birth defects that occur. The difference is that humans may also a longer period of fetal development and be more sensitive to birth defects agents than other species. One example of another problem with animal experimentation are that animals can be given nicotine directly as opposed to being exposed to it as a human would for years. Another would be that stress caused by animal handling, whether it be because of lack food or water, may have adverse effects on pregnancy or its ability to mate with the opposite sex. Also these tests are too insensitive and tend to disregard learning or behavioral problems. Our plain existence can influence the behavior of animals and disturb activities such as feeding, care- giving, and mating conduct. (Cognitive and deep ethnology and the great ape project- page 82-86) There have even been laws that have been recently erected to protect the existence and safety of these animal â€Å"victims†. One law known as Kanjorski’s Law states that any substance (that is tested on an animal) that can harm a fetal embryo in development, can call the validity of the tests into question. Several factors can determine the effects on the results based on the different kind of species that are used during experimentation. The genetic difference between species can affect its ability to defend itself or a difference in the placenta may also affect the animal tests. (Birth Defect Research-Why Animal Experiments Are Not the Answer) In 1986, a German law was passed and was known as the Animal Protection Act. This act forbade experimentation of tobacco products, washing powders, cosmetics, and the testing of weapons on animals. Soon after this law was passed in Germany, many countries started to adopt the law along with new laws such as the ban on LD50 test and the Draize eye irritancy test. Ld50 is a lethal dose that painfully kills nearly 50 percent of the animals that it is injected into, and the Draize test which can cause blindness in rabbits. Places such as the UK define each limit as to having a limit that should not be succeeded, and if done so would be a criminal offense. Every decade, animal experimentation could be looked at in a different light and activists will always be there to defend animal rights. From the 1960’s to the early 1980’s, teens from eleven to seventeen tried to impress judges of science- fair competitions with cruel live animal experiments. This is just one example of how animal experimentation exists everywhere when supervision is missing. It is also about how laws are not enforced to stop such heinous acts of abuse. The usual projects that the students did were, starving animals to death, blinding the animals, mammalian surgery, and the injection of lethal substances. Although, improvements have been made to convince schools to restrict animal testing. Federal laws do not exist. Thus there are no provisions in this area that ban dissection or mistreatment, and the National Association of Biology Teachers are not responsible. However, the amendment made in 1985 to the Animal Welfare Act required a group committee to review how the uses of animals were to be used in the some of the college courses at some but not all. Despite the fact that rats, mice and birds are excluded from the Animal Welfare Act, activist reform groups have just started their mission and are nowhere near the end. (Orleans, Barbara F. Ethnical Themes Governing Animal Experiments) We should make every effort to study separate animals and to learn more about their abilities to feel their torture, psychologically and physically to understand their true feelings. Hopefully in the future, we will no longer have to depend on animals to give us results on safe products. We could also be the ones chained up and experimented on by a higher being in the near future.

tennis paper -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several different aspects of playing and improving your tennis game. Different strokes, rules, boundaries and many other aspects make up the game of tennis. Over the next few pages, I will do my best to explain the forehand and backhand stroke, the serve and volley, the rules of tennis, and without a doubt the grandslam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The forehand stroke is the most popular in tennis. Stand facing the net, knees slightly bent, weight evenly distributed and forward on the balls of your feet. The racket is held in front of your body, elbows in close and parallel to the ground. The racket is supported with your free hand. From the turn position, the racket goes back until it is parallel to the ground- the angle between forearm and racket still remaining the same. The butt of the racket is pointing toward the net and the racket is on edge. The ball is contacted opposite the left leg, approximately waist high; the arm is relatively straight and the wrist firm. The follow through is a long, continuous sweeping motion finishing high with the racket butt opposite the left eye, (for right handers). The backhand is for the most part very similar just reversed. Tilt the face of your racquet down more on your backswing. Your racquet face naturally opens up (tilts upward) as you swing forward. You need to start your swing with it facing somewhat downward in order for it to end up at vertical as it meets the ball. Hold your racquet face vertical at the point where you normally meet the ball, then, without turning your wrist(s), pull the racquet back to your normal backswing position. It should face somewhat downward, and that's the angle you want at the start of each swing. The serve is, to me, the best way to take advantage of your opponent. For players of average height, hard, flat serves have to just barely clear the net, or they will go long. Only very tall players can get hard, flat serves in consistently enough to make them pay off. Adding some topspin will increase your margin of clearance over the net to several times larger. The most preferred power serve among advanced players has a mix of topspin and slice. On the serve, the feet are flat, the ball is tossed slightly over the head and out in front of the body. The forehand motion is used only straight over the top of your head. The volley becomes most ... ...1988) are the only three women's tennis players to win all four Grand Slam tournaments in one year. Pete Sampras is tennis's all-time biggest money winner with over $40 million in career earnings. Helen Wills Moody, whose serious demeanor on the court earned her the nickname â€Å"Little Miss Poker Face†, finished the year as the no. 1 ranked women's tennis player nine times, including seven years straight from 1927 to 1933. In 1997, 16-year-old Martina Hingis became the youngest women's tennis player to be ranked no. 1 in the world since the rankings began in 1975. One of the most difficult accomplishments in professional tennis is winning all four of these tournaments. These tournaments are therefore known as the Grand Slam tournaments, and rank as the most important tennis tournaments of the year in the public mind as well as in terms of the ranking points and prizemoney awarded for performances in them. Though it may seem like tennis is entirely too complicated, it can be one of the most fun sports to play. Even if you’re not that good at the game, you still get great exercise, keeping you in shape. If you’ve never played tennis, start. And if you’ve played before, don’t ever stop.

Mentoring and Coaching as a development strategy Essay

Executive Summary There are many benefits in adapting mentoring and coaching programs to an organisation in order to develop human capital. However, there are areas where caution must be exorcized in order to avoid adverse outcomes. This report provides examples from Coca Cola Foods and Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf Corporation of their mentoring and coaching strategies and how they execute these in line with business goals to best benefit the organisation. Introduction It is imperative that an organisation holds a sustainable competitive advantage in order to be a successful business and maintain a profit. Competitive advantages can be ascertained through the strategic use of human capital to achieve high performing organisations. This can be referred to as a Resource Based View approach to organisational strategy in human resource management terms (Kraaijenbrink, 2011). Mentoring and coaching is low cost  and highly effective way of developing human capital (Veale, 1996). Defining Mentoring and Coaching Though there are overlaps, mentoring and coaching are two separate organisational development techniques, both approaches require different processes and different goals. A coach’s purpose is to enhance an individual’s performance by increasing their competence and the likelihood of success (Raymond & Winkler, 2013). They do this through providing objectives, techniques, practise and feedback. Relationship building is the primary focus when it comes to mentoring, therefore the selection process is critical to the success of this tool (Veale, 1996). A mentor is someone who has much experience and significant knowledge behind how things work in that industry. The relationship is of a formal nature and structured around the developmental needs of the â€Å"mentee†. In contrast to mentoring, coaching is not predominately concerned with the relationship between the parties but rather the agreement that the coaching is of value. Advantages Mentoring has been shown to be particularly useful for woman and minorities is linked to mobility and career advancement (Veale, 1996). It is a low cost, highly effective learning process that can be used a marketing point to attract prospective employees. Major advantages of a successful mentoring program include; increased job satisfaction, performance, commitment and cross-functional knowledge, it is also highly effective in integrating a mentee into an organisations culture (Raymond & Winkler, 2013). Coaching advantages lay within its processes and outcomes. It is way of facilitating continual learning and increasing accountability with a goal of producing highly skilled, more productive employees (Veale, 1996). It is key to producing an atmosphere which enhances persistent and purposeful learning through goal setting and response. Disadvantages Mentoring and coaching provide many potential benefits for an organisation, however it is unwise to assume perfect results every time. In dealing with  human capital, there comes human factor issues resulting from communicational and emotional influences. It is important to map any potential issues that may arise in order to prevent them. Potential concerns in regards to mentoring may include: Mentees may developing unrealistic expectations about their potential. Mentee may not take responsibility for their own development The mentor relationship may fuel work gossip at higher levels. Confidentiality breaches Coaching disadvantages lay in employee preference, some prefer more indirect criticism as to protect their feelings and others consider correction as punishment (Veale, 1996). Also coaching may lose its personal approach when in group environment and therefore produce a negative outcomes, as many people learn in different ways. Lastly, feedback from coaches is purely objective and may be incorrect or biased based on style preference rather than results. Critical Success Factors It is important that coaching is perceived as a positive process, as particular styles and perceptions of coaching may undermine the intention. A Setting must be established of confidence and respect that is problem focused and change orientated. Communication is key when it comes to mentor and coaching programs (Veale, 1996). As the mentor relationship critical to its success, mentor selection process must be strictly adhered to. A good mentor; is a productive worker, successful in their work, appreciates working for the organisation, is comfortable with listening and being asked questions, and providing advice and perspective (Veale, 1996). Additionally, it is important that participation of both parties is voluntary and that a detailed policy and procedure must be drawn up and adhered to. It must include format for contracting, confidentiality requirement, feedback guidelines and a formal time limit for the programme. It is also imperative that both parties are from different departments to avoid ‘direct reporting’ or conflicts of interest. Mentoring and Coaching Methods Examples The following provides example of how specific organisations get the most from mentor and coaching strategies. Coca Cola Foods: Coca cola foods have advanced their human resource strategy by investing resources in to formal programs that promote mentoring relationships (Veale, 1996). In application of Resource Based View, their aim is to strengthen the link between developmental focus and business strategy and to better match personal and organizational needs using a variety of development tools. They use a combination of both Mentor and coaching systems within the organisation to achieve this goal. The following Formal Mentoring Process is followed by many organisations, particularly Coca Cola Foods. 1. Mentee identified Eligible applicants are sort in multiple ways, depending on job level, department and individual’s characteristics. Once target group is defined, mentees can be identified by volunteering, being nominated or competing through testing and application. 2. Developmental needs identified Individual development plan is prepared though defining individual’s developmental needs. The mentee and their boss can disclose areas they feel need work and skill deficiencies can be revealed through assessment. 3. Potential mentors identified A pool of potential mentors is generated through assessed general ability and willingness to handle the role. Mentors may enter this process by volunteering, recruited by senior managers or chosen by mentee. 4. Mentor is matched to mentee The mentees developmental needs are matched against a mentor that holds the ability to provide training or guidance in those areas. 5. Orientation for mentors and mentees This orientation occurs before the initial relationship commences and covers types of activities, time obligations, time and budget support, reporting requirements, and the responsibility of the mentee for their development. 6.  Contracting An agreement is drawn up that includes a development plan, confidentiality condition, consultation frequency, length of relationship, mentoring activities and role of mentor 7. Periodic meetings To execute the plan through coaching and feedback sessions. 8. Periodic reports To evaluate the success of the mentoring programme. Periodic status reports should completed by both mentor and mentee. This step may be skipped depending on the level of formality in the programme. 9. Conclusion Completion of a mentoring relationship is contingent on accomplishing the goals set out in the initial agreement. 10. Evaluation and follow-up At this stage both parties are interviewed in regards to the value of the process, timing and other related concerns that could affect the process. Coca Cola Foods also uses mentoring techniques which they define very broadly in to 5 different styles. This gives coaches flexibility to adapt to different situations and needs. Many of these styles overlap but ‘the objective is not theoretical precision, but usefulness’. 1. Modelling i.e. ‘do as I do’ Often people need to see a thing done in order to understand and do it themselves. A coach should enact the skills and values they are trying to instil to aid learning process. 2. Instructing i.e. ‘do as I tell you’ This particular style of coaching requires the coach to teach the coachee a skill. This mirrors the â€Å"directing† coaching type in Hersey-Blanchard model as it does not require particular input or reflection from the coachee (Mind Tools, 2014). Coca cola recommend a five step process to instructing. 1. Plan; Provide a vision of what is expected and an over view of the goal and process to reach that outcome. 2. Tell; verbally highlight specific tasks to be completed. 3. Show; Provide example i.e. modelling. 4. Do; encourage the coachee try the tasks at hand. 5. Correct; Provide feedback on their actions and adjust if necessary. 3. Enhancing performance i.e. ‘do this better’ It is assumed when using this model that the person has prior understanding of what is required of them but needs improvement. This style resembles coaching identified in the Situational Leadership Model. Steps include: 1. Explain the performance and why it is important. This provides justification for enhanced effort. 2. Ask for input. Taking in to account the coachee’s ideas on barriers or possible improvement strategies, provides opportunity for the coachee to feel in control of their learning process and help the coach discover misunderstandings along the way. 3. Provide feedback and improvement ideas. Coach knows best. 4. Summarise with a plan. This builds a sense of team effort. 5. Offer support. Interest and involvement of coach helps coachee feel their contributions count. 4. Problem solving i.e. ‘figure it out this way’ The coach helps the coachee learn and use a method of problem solving by providing a format as well as leading the process. Steps: 1. Involve participants; coach asks participants for specific description of problem including all stakeholders influence, then summarises 2. Funnel problem; Coach looks at a variety of causes, what factors lead to this and the meaning behind it. A force field analysis is a good way of coming to a decision on funnelling the issue. Force field analysis involves analysing forces for and against a particular change and defines reasoning behind the outcome (Mind Tools, 2014). 3. Build plan; suggest strategies, people, action steps and schedule dates. 5. Inspiration i.e. ‘ you can do it’ Coach inspires mentee using personal connection. A sports coach cheering from the sideline or Nike’s slogan â€Å"just do it† would be good modern day examples of this. Another fine example would be Barrack Obama’s 2008 victory speech, â€Å"yes we can† inspiring hope and resilience in American citizens, following decades of a country divided by war and race, quoting Abraham Lincoln â€Å"We are not enemies but friends† Coffee Bean and Tea leaf: Coffee and Tea Leaf provide good example of the effectivity of coaching as a development technique. In 2004 this company had seen rapid growth; planning to introduce 100 new stores to their chain, they were placed in the position requiring over 100 new general managers (Blanchard & Dressler, 2006). Their aim was to invest in training in order to retain and grow effective management and develop new ones. The decision was made to participate in Blanchard’s Situational Leadership IIR course. Training began with an impact map that clarified a line of site between situational leadership, course learning and individual coaching, critical leader tasks and outcomes. These impact maps were revisited throughout the training to ensure application of training and help provide links between learning, personal accountability and company goals. Knowledge content was then provided electronically to the staff over a 2 week period, after which participants gathered for knowledge application. This step required ten telephone facilitated, hour-long coaching sessions over the period of 20 weeks focussing on application in relation to Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf business goals. The course then went through an evaluation process to determine whether the training was effective. It was found that the initiative had a very positive business impact with less than 3% disagreeing with the proposition that they found the training valuable. 67% believed the this training would develop someone for a more responsible, challenging leadership position and 64% believed the course would help a marginal performing team member become a high performing team member. Recommendations In comparing Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf’s mentor and coaching strategy with that of Coca Cola Foods, I believe that Coca Cola foods strategy provides more advantages. Coca Cola food’s adapts both mentoring and coaching strategies in a variety of ways to adapt to each individuals learning preference, whereas Coffee Bean does not. A main criticism of Coffee Beans’ strategy is that coaching seasons were not required to be face to face. It is important that a face to face bond is formed between the coach and coachee in order to avoid miss communication often associated with body language. This technique could be considered quite impersonal and lead to adverse effects. It was found that around 35% disagreed that the course would help a marginal performing team member become a high performing team member or develop someone for a more responsible, challenging leadership position, which I believe is a significant amount (Blanchard & Dressler, 2006). This number could be improved by requiring face to face communication with the coach during the 20 week application period. Conclusion Generally, coaching is an informal relationship between a boss and their employee with the mutual objective of increased performance. Mentoring is a formal relationship, separate from the organisation with a broader scoped objective dependant on the mentee’s needs. Mentors may also use coaching types to help mentee achieve their goal. Both processes are key to building high performance organisations through human capital and therefore establishing competitive advantage within a market. Examples from Coca Cola Foods and Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf provide insight into coaching and mentoring development strategies at play, specifically describing the connections between employee developments and achieving business goals. Bibliography: Blanchard, S., & Dressler, D. (2006). Coaching and Traing at Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf. In R. Brinkerhoff, Telling Training’s Story (pp. 199-217). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler. Kraaijenbrink, J. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Human Capital. In A. Burton-Jones, & J. C. Spender, Human Capital in the Resource-Based View. Mind Tools. (2014). Force Field Analysis. Retrieved from Mond Tools: Essential Skills for an excellent career: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_06.htm Mind Tools. (2014). The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory. Retrieved from Mind Tools: Essential skills for an excelent career: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_44.htm Raymond, N. A., & Winkler, C. (2013). In Training & Development: Learning for Sustainable Management 2e. Australia: Mc Graw Hill Education. Veale, D. J. (1996). Mentoring and coaching as part of a human reasource development strategy: an example at coca-cola Foods. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 16-20.

What Happens When You Eat

Activity #1: How Long is the Digestive System Have students cut a piece of yarn according to the following measurements. Allow students to use different color yarn to represent different organs. After the yarn has been cut tie the pieces together. Esophagus 25 cm Stomach 20 cm Small Intestine 700 cm Large Intestine 150 cm TOTAL 895 cm Have students work out the percentages or ratios of the lengths of the different organs in the body in order to have a numerical idea of the differences along with the visual data provided by the string. Find out information (from books provided) about how much time food spends in each of these parts of the digestive system as well as which types of foods are broken down in each part. Activity #2: Digestion Place a sugar cube in a cup of water. Place about a spoonful of granulated sugar in the other cup of water. Observe what happens. Have students record the time it takes for each type of sugar to dissolve and work out the ratios of these Activity #3: Carbohydrate Digestion Have the students chew two unsalted soda crackers for two minutes without swallowing. Students will be allowed to take check the solution every fifteen seconds and record the solvency of their saliva by counting the number of lumps present in a given amount at these 15-second intervals. Children will be instructed to plot the progression on a graph. Have them write a paragraph explaining the slope of the graph Activity #4: Hands on Digestion Place the hamburger, 3 eyedroppers full of 1M HCl, one tablespoon of Digestive Juice A and two tablespoons of Digestive Juice B into a plastic bag. Knead the bad with your hands (simulates the stomach) for about 10-15 minutes, it will have been reduced to mainly liquid and have a definite odor. have students write a summary of the activity, explaining the action of the hcl on the hamburger and noting any difference between the digested meat and the digested bread Activity #5: How do Villi aid the Small Intestine in Absorption? Compare how 1, 2, 3, and 4 folded paper towels absorb. Dip each paper towel into a cup of water (use the same amount of water in each cup). Record the volume of water left in the cup (using a graduated cylinder). Explain the comparison between the paper towels and the villi. How are these similar and how do they differ? What is the significance, if any, of the similarities and differences? Consider especially the mixture of water and stool and (thinking back to activity 1) describe what might happen if the food passed too fast or too slow through the large intestine. Activity #6: A Digestive System Simulation Procedure: Things to make ahead of time: 1. FOOD TUBE: Lay out two parallel lines of tape on the floor, 3'apart and long enough for half the class to stand shoulder to shoulder on one side of the parallel lines. 2. FOOD PARTICLE: The food particle consists of M&M's placed in small zip-lock bags. These are placed in wadded newspapers in small paper sacks. Place the small sacks in larger sacks with added newspaper. Place all sacks and add newspaper until the large plastic bag is full. This bag is then taped or tied closed to complete the food particle. Action: 1. Peristaltic Movement: Put the food particle to be eaten at one end of the food tube and a large trash can at the other. Have students line up on both sides, facing each other, squeeze the food particle the length of the food tube. 2. Digestion: Label and/or instruct the players. As the food comes to a student they should narrate what they are doing and why. Teeth – tear food apart (break plastic bag) Saliva – use spray bottles to moisten food particle Stomach – tear small bags apart Pancreatic juices – spray food Small Intestine – absorbs food, find bags of candy and pass to blood (the teacher can play the role of the blood) Large Intestine – reabsorbs water, sponge up water on the floor Rectum/Anus – puts the waste papers in the trash can Draw a diagram of the digestive system, labeling its parts and correlating them to the props used in the experiment.

Deductive Essay Sample on Vaccination

Deductive Essay Sample on Vaccination A deductive essay is a specific type of writing that supposes the logical development of clues and facts to a particular conclusion about the object. There are three main elements of the deductive reasoning to perform a deductive essay example: premise, evidence, and conclusion. A premise is a common fact or a set of certain circumstances that becomes a basis for further reasoning. The evidence is a piece of particular information or proof that the writer has to correlate with premises. Finally, a conclusion is a logical balance between the premise and the evidence or final analysis of the situation counting all available information. An example of a simple logical chain is the following: as all flowers are plants (premise) and roses are flowers (evidence), then roses are plants (conclusion). Writing a deductive essay demands some clearness and specificity on the logical path. Nevertheless, people use deductive reasoning in everyday life to make assumptions and conclusions about many things they encounter. It is essential to keep a focus on the chain between premises, evidence, and appropriate conclusion for academic writing. In this regard, it is necessary to state the premise and fundamental ideas that are the basis for further reasoning. Pieces of evidence could be represented by scientific findings or personal observations that prove the writer’s presumption. There can be more than one premise or evidence for the argument, but the writer should clearly connect them to formulate a distinct conclusion. Therefore, the conclusion is the most probable logical inference based on the evidence of the initial premise. Deductive reasoning is a frequent pattern of detective stories or articles in life-sciences. Simultaneously, a deductive essay is an excellent approach to evaluating knowledge in many disciplines, as it demands a robust analysis of the theme. There is an example of the deductive essay. ‘Vaccination as a Controversial Public Good’ Essay Sample Medical progress aims to protect a growing number of people from diverse diseases and harmful agents that influence human lives. Today, the most efficient way to decrease the impact of many infectious diseases is vaccination or immunization. This method implicates the administration of specific antigens for stimulating the immune system to develop a fast immune reaction for further meeting these pathogens. Vaccines can induce significant protection against many viral and bacterial infections. Specific material used for immunization frequently contains vivid attenuated or inactivated pathogens, purified native or artificial antigens of viruses or bacteria, preservatives, and excipients like stabilizers and adjuvants. According to the World Health Organization, timely vaccination saves 2-3 million children lives annually. International health authorities consider vaccines as the public good that averts millions of deaths worldwide. However, there is a growing number of people who refus e to vaccinate their children because of the unsafety and adverse effects of vaccines. Almost 200 years of immunization history gathered different pieces of evidence about controversial helpfulness of vaccines for saving the health of human populations. Scientists assert that global immunization can eradicate some infectious agents in the natural environment. The most known is an example of a successful fight with the pathogen that causes smallpox, which is fatal in 30% cases. Due to the global vaccination program, the last natural case of this disease was in Somalia in 1977. The WHO declared that smallpox was eradicated all over the world in 1980 and no longer occurs naturally. Only two special laboratories in the world obtain remaining stocks of the variola virus that causes smallpox. There is no treatment for smallpox, and only timely immunization can prevent the development of disease if it occurs in the laboratory or from unknown places. The next eradicated diseases could be polio and measles, but small outbreaks of these diseases occur in different regions with a high level of refusing immunization. Vaccination through the communities can protect even unimmunized people and eliminate some diseases. Thus, total immunization of 95 % members of a population in a particular region can prevent disease in that 5% of people who cannot achieve vaccines due to their health conditions. In this regard, some regions eliminated measles, mumps, and rubella by using multivalent MMR vaccines. However, local elimination of polio or other infections cannot prevent an external reintroduction of pathogens from unvaccinated travelers. Conversely, collective immunity is inefficient when a part of society refuses to vaccinate themselves or their children. Such actions create a natural pool for spreading infection and frequently lead to the outbreaks even among vaccinated adults. Many diseases are considered to be light childhood illnesses, but they are much more severe for adults and can cause different complications. In this regard, low compliance with the immunization plan leads to an increased risk for society and particular personalities. Frequently parents refuse to vaccinate children because of the potential adverse effect of vaccines that appears more dangerous than the disease consequences themselves. Any vaccination means contaminating the organism with external pathogens and chemical substances that cause an immune reaction. In most cases, the first reaction is typical, local and less harmful, like redness or swelling in the injection site. Common side effects also may include fever, shivering, fatigue, or headache. All these symptoms are nonspecific reactions of the immune system on meeting new antigen besides hundreds of antigens it meets every day. However, in rare cases, vaccines can cause a severe allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock. This state is dangerous and life-threatening, and it is one of the contraindications for further usage of specific vaccines for such individuals. Simultaneously, severe side effects are rare, unpredictable, and depend on individual health grounds of particular patients. Medic al authorities and manufacturers of vaccines register every adverse case for further investigation and possible enhancement of the vaccine. Another essential reason to refuse vaccines is their components that are considered harmful. Frequently, material for immunization contains aluminum salts, such as adjuvants, formaldehyde, and thimerosal as additives or preservatives. American health authorities as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that aluminum adjuvant vaccines demonstrated their safety for more than 70 years of immunization. Thimerosal, which is used as a preservative in multi-dose vials of vaccines, contains low doses of ethyl mercury that is easily eliminated from the human body. Small doses of formaldehyde are used for inactivation of viruses and detoxification of bacterial toxins in some types of vaccines for a long time. Conversely, only licensed vaccines undergo rigorous reviews and clinical trials before considering safe and available to use. Inappropriate storage and appliance of vaccines are much more harmful than their components. Modern medicine is evidence-based, and the benefits and risks of vaccination can also be estimated in many scientific investigations. However, the only reliable evidence about vaccination with the blind comparison of two groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients is hard to perform correctly. Hence, the scientific base of immunization is mostly the long live observation of possible adverse effects of the most researched vaccines. As usual, there is no evidence of complete safety or unsafety of particular popular vaccines. In this regard, rare severe cases of adverse vaccine consequences are only statistical errors for a numerous population. However, these few cases are also lives of certain people, and none wants to become a unique regrettable case among millions of saved lives. In conclusion, a medical breakthrough like vaccination appeared to become public good behind individual problems. Many vaccines proved their efficacy for decades of years in different regions and countries all over the world. Global immunization allowed eradicating in full measure smallpox in natural conditions. Effective and comprehensive vaccination eliminated some dangerous diseases in particular areas of the world. High levels of immunization within a specific population create collective immunity that protects unvaccinated people. Vaccination can prevent many infectious diseases or weaken their complications. In this regard, immunization is a public good that saves many lives every year. Conversely, misuse of vaccines, improper storage, or using doubtful vaccines that include high levels of harmful components can lead to severe adverse reactions. Moreover, individual sensitivity to the compounds of even licensed vaccines can cause critical damages or death after vaccination. Hen ce, public good may be dangerous for particular individuals in rare cases. Therefore, vaccination is more likely a significant medical benefit and public advantage that permanently develops to cover present individual disadvantages. This essay sample is more complicated than the illustration of deductive reasoning provided in the description of the deductive essays. Thus, the particular essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The introduction contains the background of the issue and two basic premises about vaccination. The first premise is that using vaccines is a public good that saves millions of lives, and the second is that immunization is an unsafe and dangerous practice. The thesis states that there is evidence of the controversial nature of vaccination. Further, the body paragraphs describe different sub-points of the premises and scientific evidence that vaccination causes eradication and crucial elimination of serious illnesses. Conversely, the potentially harmful effect of vaccines is also described in separate paragraphs with the available evidence base. The final part of the essay contains the general conclusion about the issue that vaccination is not defin itively good or bad for people. Moreover, the conclusion briefly restates and summarizes the information mentioned in body paragraphs. Hope that this sample will be a helpful illustration for further deductive essay writing on different topics. The provided deductive essay sample includes three main elements of deductive writing: premise, evidence, and conclusion. Furthermore, these elements are logically involved in the typical essay structure of introduction, body, and conclusion. The topic sentence of each body paragraph describes the problem that will be investigated. Clear and accurate pieces of evidence support all premises that allow formulating appropriate inference. Simultaneously, suitable in-text citations of reliable sources make evidence more reasonable. The conclusion is based on the balancing of premises and used evidence, and it does not contain new information. Using several premises and specific pieces of evidence allows performing a comprehensive analysis of one topic. Moreover, deductive reasoning helps to create a logical chain to demonstrate the full understanding of the issue by the writer. References Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (2011, March 04). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07-040089/en/ CDC. (2017). Vaccine Safety. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/index.html NHS. (2016). How vaccination saves lives. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/vaccination-saves-lives/ U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Vaccines. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/default.htm

Personnal Statement essays

Personnal Statement essays I am interested in studying Advertisment Design because of my desire to work in the marketing side of this complex industry. This complexity, needs a greater level of education, and with that in mind, I am applying to your university to study advertising. Through studying A-levels Art, Media Studies, Drama and English, I have enjoyed and gained the sufficient educational background in order to go on further and achieve my dreams. I have had numerous work experiences that would further enhance my qualifications for this course. The two positions I have held at Next plc and French Connection plc have in common an emphasis on serving the public effectively. Both of these positions have enabled me to develop my sales and 'people' skills, which I consider to be extremely important in an increasingly service-driven marketplace. During a work placement in France, I used my skills of logic to make a successful transition from one language and culture to another. Being fluent in Arabic too has made me confident that those same skills will allow me to translate the promise of visual query techniques to a working, practical reality. At school, I play an active role in sixth-form life. I am a peer counselling prefect and throroughly enjoy this resposibility; I feel I am a good listener and people can trust and confide in me. I am a co-operative person and am very helpful to others. I like to plan things well ahead of time in order to achieve a given task as efficiently and effectively as possible. My hobbies are swimming and aerobics and I am currenlty a member at a health club. I enjoy reading literary novels and media publications in order to keep up to date with current events. My academic background, my studies and work on database systems, and my research skills will enable me to succeed in the highly demanding course I have chosen. Finally, the attractive content of the course, together with my abilities an ...

College Degree Nearly Doubles Annual Earnings

College Degree Nearly Doubles Annual Earnings Just in case you still had some doubts as to the power of a college degree, the U.S. Census Bureau has released data proving the substantial value of a college education in the United States. Workers 18 and over sporting bachelors degrees earn an average of $51,206 a year, while those with a high school diploma earn $27,915. But wait, theres more. Workers with an advanced degree make an average of $74,602, and those without a high school diploma average $18,734. According to a new census report titled Educational Attainment in the United States: 2004, 85 percent of those age 25 or older reported they had completed at least high school and 28 percent had attained at least a bachelorÂ’s degree Ââ€" both record highs. Other highlights for the population 25 years and over in 2004: Minnesota, Montana, Wyoming and Nebraska had the highest proportions of people with at least a high school diploma, all around 91 percent.The District of ColumbiaÂ’s population had the highest proportion with a bachelorÂ’s degree or higher at 45.7 percent, followed by Massachusetts (36.7 percent), Colorado (35.5 percent), New Hampshire (35.4 percent) and Maryland (35.2 percent).At the regional level, the Midwest had the highest proportion of high school graduates (88.3 percent), followed by the Northeast (86.5 percent), the West (84.3 percent) and the South (83.0 percent).The Northeast had the highest proportion of college graduates (30.9 percent), followed by the West (30.2 percent), the Midwest (26.0 percent) and the South (25.5 percent).High school graduation rates for women continued to exceed those of men, 85.4 percent and 84.8 percent, respectively. On the other hand, men continued to have a higher proportion of their population with a bachelorÂ’s degree or higher (29. 4 percent compared with 26.1 percent). Non-Hispanic whites had the highest proportion with a high school diploma or higher (90.0 percent), followed by Asians (86.8 percent), African-Americans (80.6 percent) and Hispanics (58.4 percent).Asians had the highest proportion with a bachelorÂ’s degree or higher (49.4 percent), followed by Non-Hispanic whites (30.6 percent), African-Americans (17.6 percent) and Hispanics (12.1 percent).The proportion of the foreign-born population with a high school diploma (67.2 percent) was lower than that of the native population (88.3 percent). However, the percentages with a bachelorÂ’s degree or more were not statistically different (27.3 percent and 27.8 percent, respectively).The data on educational trends and attainment levels are shown by characteristics such as age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, occupation, industry, nativity and, if foreign-born, when they entered the country. The tables also describe the relationship between earnings and educational attainment. Al though the statistics are primarily at the national level, some data are shown for regions and states.Source: U.S. Census Bureau Education Also Effects Unemployment Just as income increases, unemployment decreases with higher educational attainment. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the nationwide unemployment rate based on educational attainment in 2017 dropped from 6.3 percent among those who did not complete high school, to 4.6 percent among high school graduates, to 2.5 percent among persons with a bachelor’s degree, to only 1.5 percent among persons with doctoral or professional degrees. In addition, higher levels of education tends to reduce the time required for persons who find themselves between jobs to find new employment at equal or better wages.

Compare and contrast the cultural expectations for women in Kincaids Essay

Compare and contrast the cultural expectations for women in Kincaids Girl and Faulkners A Rose for Emily - Essay Example tips from the trivial things (â€Å"Don’t walk barehead in the hot sun.† ) to the practical (â€Å"This is how you grow okra---far from the house, because okra tree harbors red ants.†) to the profound (â€Å"This is how to love a man, and if this doesn’t work there are other ways, and if they don’t work don’t feel too bad about giving up.†). The mood of the text is that of a sermon delivered to an unwilling audience. The narrator’s active oration is like a burst of thoughts and emotions that have long struggled to break free, like a tidal wave finally let out. Its maniacal pace seems as if the narrator does not have enough time to elaborate on each tip. It captivates the reader to keep reading, as if to hungrily devour tiny bits of appetizers without actually feeling full. One gets a taste of a chunk of wisdom, and before the reader even gets to swallow it, another is on the way. Its sarcasm at the redundant accusation that the girl is â€Å"bent on becoming a slut† loses its sting, as a barrage of information gets thrown at her. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story that holds the readers’ attention despite the fact that it tells of a rather boring tale of a woman who lives in a small town. The narrator effectively describes the characters in such a way that the readers clearly visualize them in their minds’ eye. It is about Emily, a white girl from an aristocratic family in the south, the Griersons. It chronicles Emily’s life from her girlhood, when her parents selfishly prohibit her from dating men, as it seems all men were beneath them. â€Å"the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good for Miss Emily and such.† Being so, Miss Emily has grown to believe that she occupies a special position in society, even to her old age when she refused to pay her taxes, having been privileged by a former Mayor who owed the Griersons favors. The narrator depicted a

FACILITIES, STADIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FACILITIES, STADIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example Expansion of the existing stadium of the Arsenal club was not possible because of the space crunch. Due to this there was a loss of total revenue. Hence construction of a much larger stadium was extremely required. Since Islington was very close to Highbury, Arsenal decided to move on to this location, which could afford around 60, 400 seats. The club had to first buy different lands to relocate Islington Council's recycling plant and Royal Mail Holloway Delivery Office earlier situated in the chosen location (Islington). This was a very expensive move for the club. The Emirates Airlines has signed a 100m sponsorship deal with the club. This is the reason why the stadium has been named Emirates Stadium. The name of the stadium will remain the same for at least 15 years because of this sponsorship. The club had arranged for loan from the stadium facilities banking group. The group consists of the biggest names of the banking sector of UK. One of the reasons why the club chose to build the stadium in this location is that it is geographically well located. A number of London Underground stations are within easy reach of the stadium. Holloway Road tube station is very close to the southern part of the stadium whereas the Arsenal Tube Station is situated close to the northern part of the stadium. ... location's geographic importance was most attractive for them because it was in an area with which the club has been associated since the past 91 years. So there was an emotional attachment to Islington, which worked in its favour. Arsenal's reputation is of having world's best playing surface. Islington's land statistics were attractive which was yet another geographic reason for choosing this area for the reputed stadium. Emirates - a multiple purpose stadium Apart from sports the Emirates Stadium is also involved in various other activities like organizing different top-level meetings, forums, seminars, conferences etc. at the stadium premises. The stadium has the planning permission to organise several single day events and up to 3 musical concerts in its premises. Government Policy The UK government's regeneration policies have changed the face of London. The construction of the Emirates Stadium can be related to these policies of the government. All efforts have been made to carry forward the regeneration work in accordance to the policies set by the government. Sports have always been a favourite activity of the people of United Kingdom. In comparison to all the sports, football (soccer) is the most popular game among the people of UK. The government policies are always directed to promote this game. The government's support in this project is an example of its pro sports policies. With the present government and its policies there is no doubt about the fact that sports will prosper even more in London. The construction of the Emirates Stadium is a fresh example of this. The stadium has been announced - no smoking zone, in the light of the no smoking policy in public places of the government of Great Britain. Through this the people are not allowed to

Analysis of Hyundai Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Hyundai Motor Company - Essay Example The company in focus for this paper is Hyundai motors. Hyundai is a Korea based company but it has grown steadily in the automotive market over the past few years. Automotive industry is highly competitive these days, according to Bloomberg Businessweek (2012), the US automotive market is highly competitive these days, home companies like General Motors, Ford Motor Co. and Chrysler Group LLC are expected to lose market share to companies like Toyota and Honda. Hyundai Motor Co. has reported to have doubled its share in US automotive market as compared to their share in 2005. It is still expected to gain 0.1 % market share more than the last year. According to the customer retention study carried out by J.D. Power and associates in 2011, Hyundai has been declared to be number one in customer retention. According to the study Hyundai’s customer retention rate has increased by 4 points thus raising it to 64% in the year 2012, which implies that among the automotive brands custome rs were the most loyal towards Hyundai. Its brand name is currently measured to be nearly $5 billion. As the future of every company is based on the relations it has with its customers, thus it’s safe to say that Hyundai's future seems even more promising. In this paper the company’s performance will be analyzed as to see whether its market share value, which is currently $ 203.16 (Won 229,000), according to the company’s overview, reflects the actual performance of the company or not. As the consolidated reports for the year ended 2011 are not available yet, so the analysis will be carried out for the year ended 2008 to year ended 2010. Along with the comparison with last years, the performance of the company will also be compared with the financial performance of Toyota Corp. Financial Analysis As the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the reflection of the company’s performance on its share value, the basic analysis will be carried out on the profita bility of the company with relation to the shareholders’ equity. Keeping the performance of the company from the year 2008 to 2010 in mind, it will be analyzed how the company is performing over the past few years as well as with its competitor Toyota Corp. The profit margin of the company drastically fell to 4.42% from 13.7% in 2009. The company has been able to recover a bit, the profit margin has increased to 7.09% in 2010, and even though the consolidated statements of the company for the year 2011 are not yet released, it has been reported that Hyundai has broken its sales records in the year 2011, so a probable increase in profitability can also be predicted. As opposed to the sketchy performance over these years, the company is still doing better as compared to Toyota Corp., which reported a profit margin of only 1.54% in the year 2010. A company’s revenue is highly dependent on the fact that how the company is utilizing its assets for generating sales every yea r, as is defined by the net return on assets, which has prominently increased for Hyundai over these three years from 2.71% to 19.3%, it would

How sucessful has the government and the bank of england been in Essay

How sucessful has the government and the bank of england been in running the british economy over the past 2 years - Essay Example The major Economies of the world are facing a credit crunch and this has also affected the British Economy in more ways than one. Obtaining credit has become one of the most difficult tasks and in addition to this; the cost of mortgages has also adversely affected the major Economies of the world. â€Å"A significant level of short-term debt—unsecured or secured against property, as well as credit cards—is widespread. Over the last ten years the economy under the Labor government has grown in large part because of consumer spending financed by debt. (The Impact, 1 October 2008). According to a report it was found that out of 47.5 million adults in UK, 4.8 million people were found to be spending more than what they earned. It is predicted that in the near future the British Economy is going to be affected by the credit crunch, just like the economy of United States of America. The British economy is facing two major problems as of now namely, the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth is really slow and the rising rate of Inflation has taken on a toll on the British Economy. The bank of England is trying everything possible to stimulate the economic growth in the British Economy; the cut in the interest rates proves the same. Currently the British Economy can take a little satisfaction from the fact that the employment rate has risen and there is less unemployment found in Britain than what it used to be earlier. â€Å"â€Å"The employment rate for people of working age was 74.5 per cent for the three months to October 2007, up 0.1 from the previous quarter but unchanged over the year. The number of people in employment for the three months to October 2007 was 29.29 million, up 114,000 over the quarter and up 226,000 over the year. Total hours worked per week were 940.0 million, up 5.1 million over the quarter and up 11.7 million over the year. These figur es for people in employment and hours worked are the highest since comparable records began

Building an Access Control System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building an Access Control System - Essay Example In building the access control system, you must follow the four phases of developing the system. This is known as the systems development life cycle. The four phases are planning, analysis, design, and implementation). To help implement the system, the structure system design can be used in representation of the system concept in terms of processes and data representation. According to Techopedia (2012), the definition of structured System design is â€Å" a set of standards for systems analysis and application design. It uses a formal methodical approach to the analysis and design of information systems â€Å"This processes a roadmap for the development of functional specifications of the system. Structured System Design has different categories; these are â€Å"waterfall development and parallel development† In this particular case study, waterfall development can be used in implementing the control access system. The water model process involves System Conceptualization, System analysis, System design and Testing. Planning – this is also referred to as System Conceptualization Consideration of all aspects of the targeted business function / process with the goals of determining how each aspect relates with one another and which aspect will be incorporated in the system Referring from the structured diagram from United States Department of Transportation Transit Security Handbook (1998), the structural diagram below illustrates the equipment and connections required for access system control in the

Australian Criminal Justice System, the Belief in Justice, an Independ Essay

Australian Criminal Justice System, the Belief in Justice, an Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law - Essay Example For any criminal justice system to be accepted by everyone, it must not discriminate against the people of a certain race, ethnic background or social class. The legal system can only be fair if the necessary procedures that guarantee a fair trial are in place. Similarly, there must be a system of law for the purpose of fairness in the society or simply the Law of Equity. The society will continue to trust the legal system if justice is not only done but perceived to be done. The entire society more so the witnesses and victims should be made aware of steps that are made to ensure that those who are involved in criminal activities are arrested and prosecuted. Furthermore, the public should be able to witness, by the means of the criminal justice system, the law bringing about accountability. The legal system comprises some basic elements of justice which include unbiased judges, jury trials that are just and the provision of security to the witnesses whenever it is called for. The Australian Justice system is based on the belief in justice, an independent judiciary and the rule of law (Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2008). The people, in disregard of race and whether or not they are citizens, are given similar treatment before the law. The law also safeguards and ensures that the people are given fair treatment by officials and governments. There are some principles which are fundamental to the Australian legal system. These include the separation of powers, judicial precedent and procedural fairness. The Australian jurisprudence is based on the United Kingdom common law system. This law shows a great variation from the other civil law systems operating in Japan, South America and Europe that originated from Roman law (Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2008). The major feature of the common law is that cases that have been settled previously act as a precedent to the pending  cases.

Building an Access Control System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building an Access Control System - Essay Example In building the access control system, you must follow the four phases of developing the system. This is known as the systems development life cycle. The four phases are planning, analysis, design, and implementation). To help implement the system, the structure system design can be used in representation of the system concept in terms of processes and data representation. According to Techopedia (2012), the definition of structured System design is â€Å" a set of standards for systems analysis and application design. It uses a formal methodical approach to the analysis and design of information systems â€Å"This processes a roadmap for the development of functional specifications of the system. Structured System Design has different categories; these are â€Å"waterfall development and parallel development† In this particular case study, waterfall development can be used in implementing the control access system. The water model process involves System Conceptualization, System analysis, System design and Testing. Planning – this is also referred to as System Conceptualization Consideration of all aspects of the targeted business function / process with the goals of determining how each aspect relates with one another and which aspect will be incorporated in the system Referring from the structured diagram from United States Department of Transportation Transit Security Handbook (1998), the structural diagram below illustrates the equipment and connections required for access system control in the

Assignmentbiology questions to answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignmentbiology questions to answer - Essay Example In starch, all the glucose repeat units are oriented in the same direction. But in cellulose, each successive glucose unit is rotated 180 degrees around the axis of the polymer backbone chain, relative to the last repeat unit. Cellulose contains beta linkage and enzymes cannot act upon this linkage, thus maintains the structural integrity, whereas Starch contains alpha acetal linkage. Enzyme can act upon this linkage to produce amulose and amylopectin thereby releasing glucose, source of energy. c. Alpha-glycosidic bond and beta-glycosidic bond d. Amylase acts specifically upon alpha acetal linkage (present in starch). The linkages in celluloses are beta-acetal on which amylase cant act. 2. a- tick mark b- cross mark 3. Calcium- gives strength to the bones Iron- Is an important element in hemoglobin, responsible for oxygen transfer. Phosphate- necessary element in

Olga Semyonova’s Discovery of Peasantry Life Essay Example for Free

Olga Semyonova’s Discovery of Peasantry Life Essay Peasant life is known to be one of the lowest status situations in many parts of the world during the past. Many people are not give equal opportunities compared to those that have a higher status in life. Most often, they are treated like they are not people but slaves due to the lifestyle as well as the work they have. Most of the time, peasants rely on those that has a higher status of living to get work. Thus peasants are one of those unfortunate people who are present in the world. In the book written by Olga Semyonova Tian-Shanskaia and David L. Ransel, the life story of peasant life in Russia. In order to have an overview of the author’s desire to write this type of book, a short background of Olga Semyonova would be presented. Semyonova was born in the year 1863 into a very prominent and scientific family during those eras. The author was one of the daughters of Pytor Pertovich Semyonov who is a popular geographer, explorer and statistician. Through the explorations and attainments which were done by her father, he was acknowledged by the emperor and later added the name Tian-Shanskii. Semyonova’s father played a huge role in the life of peasants because he â€Å"designed the legislation for the emancipation of the Russian peasants for serfdom, a reform implemented in years 1861-1863. Throughout Semynova’s life, she was living in St. Petersburg and was traveling with her family abroad. More often than not, she spent her summers in Gremiachka which is her family’s estate located in Riazan Province. The location of their estate would later on be used to study the life of peasants. With the inheritance of her father’s attitude in exploration, Semyonova was able to do her own explorations regarding peasantry. (xix-xxi) Semyonova’s adult life was very tragic. Although she was very intelligent there was a point in her life that she shielded her self away from her social and intellectual life. She was offered by marriage by a young man who deeply fell in love with her. However, she declined the man. As a result, the young man decided to shot himself in the head and he eventually died. After such, she mostly spent her life living in their real estate which made her aware of the situations of the peasants around their area. (xix-xxi) During the nineteenth century Russian society was in crisis. For several people, the development of the country was slow in comparison to other countries such as Germany, France, England and the United States. These countries were the ones who educated the Russians which brought pressure to the country. In contrast, Russia was very far from these countries bases on their urbanization and industrialization. In addition, these countries have a much higher level of culture and general education. On the other hand, change was very rapid and people blamed the government with its persistence to catch up with the Western world. With the decision of the government, the Russian society was lead into a revolution. The Russians who were well educated were able to view the main sources of the said crisis. As these educated people said, the resolution of the rebellion depends on the actions and attitudes of the regular people such as the peasants who composed the eighty-five (85) percent of the Russian nation. Russian Peasants were the ones who dwell in the rural areas as well as those migrant workers or the industrial workers of the country in different parts of Russia. Peasants were also the ones who constitute the Russian armed forces. Thus, this made all the parties in Russia believe that they know the diverse situation in the villages. Therefore in their perspective, the armed forces have the right to speak for the whole Russian peasantry and all their concerns. However, all their assumptions are not true. Hence, the government was not able to address the problems which are faced by the peasants. In the whole book, the study which was utilized was made by Semyonov with the collaboration with another researcher named K. V. Nikolaevskii during the late 1890s. The study was done regarding the real situation of the peasants throughout those times in order to see the attitudes, aspirations and conditions of the peasants. In addition, the research regarding the lives of these people was regarding their customs, family life. However, there is a failed attempt to present the fluidity of peasantry life. During the time of Semyonova’s study of the peasantry life, she often noticed the she was similar to an outsider to the place. As evidence it was stated that, â€Å"She constituted her own identity as a person of Western scientific culture in opposition to the peasants she studied. According to her, the boundary between childhood and adulthood, so clearly demarcated in education society, collapsed in village society. Peasant children saw the world very much as did the adults† (xxi). Semyonova highlighted that such situations were possible due to the early exposure of children in the difficulties that is normally faced by adults. In addition, the view of point of peasants regarding â€Å"work, morality and property were likewise quite different from the perspective of Semyonova’s upbringing† (xii). Accordingly, there is a different treatment of women in the community in comparison to the treatment of women in the world known by Semyonova. In the book it is stated that, â€Å"†¦the treatment of women, whose lot as the brutalized work horses and chief preservers of social bonds in the family and community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (xii). In the book, there are many social issues which were stressed by Semyonova. With all the studies observation and researches that she had done in the lives of Russian peasants, the author discovered many things that are very much different from her life while she was growing up. In order to fully represent the life of the peasants, Olga was able to coordinate with one of the peasants in order to properly present the whole community of peasants in general. The person interviewed was named Ivan. Similar to other peasants, the family of Ivan was working on a farm in order to live. As a matter of fact Ivan’s family had, â€Å"livestock at the time of Ivans birth included three horses (one of which was a yearling), fifteen sheep, one cow, a heifer, and a pig. Their hut, which was wooden, had three windows and an enclosed entryway (sentsa). Nearby were a workyard, a small granary, and a threshing barn. † In addition they family had the most important necessity for them to live, â€Å"Farm tools included two wagons, two wooden, wheelless plows, one harrow, two types of harnesses, two scythes, two rolls of sackcloth (veretia), a sleigh, an ax, two spades, and two flails† (Semyonova, 1). Thus without their farming tools they are not able to see that there are not able to provide for all the things that they need. In the life of Ivan, it was very obvious that culture, norms and economic status was very important. Through this, his upbringing and future is very much affected. In the third chapter which focuses on the issue of child birth. Semyonova highlights that a child if brought up in such type of environment could be affected while growing up. It was stated that, â€Å"their attitudes and behavior as conditioned by the promiscuous intimacy of peasant life† (22). She again states that children see things in a much matured way therefore she finds teenagers very promiscuous and sexual even in a young age. The author also made some comparisons regarding the â€Å"our children, that is the child or the educated urbanized people† (22) against those that live a peasant life. In addition, Seymonova highlights the difference between the lives of peasants in contrast of the urbanized people. Stating that to peasants, â€Å"Deceit to escape punishment was approved, as was the use of foul language or abuse of animals to vent frustration. Patriarchal authority was accepted implicitly; might makes right, and in a sense this brutal fact of life justified deceit and other means of avoidance to escape the dictates of authority and power† (22). With such lines, it is noticeable that the lives of well educated persons are very much different from those that live in peasantry whom have not experienced any education. In general, the life of peasants in Russia during the time of Seymonova does not have any type of opportunity to move forward from the difficulties that they are in. Only those that are privilege and rich are those that are given the right to be educated and move out from the situation they are in. In contrast, the situation of Russia in the current time is far more different from the past situation of peasants. It is not a secret that there are still poor people in Russia but due to various technologies and improvements in terms of laws and policies there are opportunities available for those that wanted to change their lives. Great schools are available and scholarship grants are offered for students who would like to create a change in their lives. Accordingly there are organizations that are very willing to help and provide trainings and assistance with regards to various subjects such are welfare, health services and the likes. Through this, the less fortunate people are educated with regards to their health and sexual relations. As stated by Seymonova, there are promiscuous actions which are made by young people thus; it could be assumed that early pregnancies and diseases are possibly taken a threat. In comparison to the current society of Russia, the awareness and education which are received by citizens protects them against possible sicknesses and threats that could lead to life threatening diseases. Thus, improvements of the benefits of the people have been done through out the years with the help of many changes in terms of government processes and activities. However, problems with regards to society cannot be fully addressed due to the lack of ability of the government to fully reach out to the people. As stated in the introductory pages of the book, that problems could only be resolved through the cooperation and desire of the poor to respond with the issues due to the high percentage rate of their constituents. Works Cited Semyonova Tian-Shanskaia, Olga and David L. Ransel. Village Life in Late Tsarist Russia. United States: Indiana University Press, 1993.

Stereotypes And Preconceptions In Workplace Cultural Studies Essay

Stereotypes And Preconceptions In Workplace Cultural Studies Essay Stereotype is a natural function of the human mind, it is standards of person who was set to identify a outside nature of person or any a group through images. When applied to people, stereotypes refer to forming immediately or fixed image of a group of people, usually based on restriction or incomplete information. Stereotypes often lead to results is to form preconceptions, negative comments about others. Stereotypes and preconceptions are the reason of failure in communication, moreover lead to action or bad feeling. Preconceptions based on limited images, negative stereotypes can result in bad consequences such as discrimination or violence. Because any society has different orientation, it is limited and it owns its benefits. Therefore nobody can not comment any personal according to their attitude and viewpoint that he or she is bad or good and vice versa. It is often suggested personal that individuals run follo ­w by their own merits and isolated group, so people always censure that person who has promoted collectivism unconsciously. In my opinion, I think in cultures follow individualistic, organizations are tools. They are set and designed to serve individuals, groups, staffs, employees and customers. Members of the organization established in this relationship that is abstract, follow by the law and stipulated of contract. Organization is a means and foundation in order to each member of organization performs their desires. They cooperate together because their own interests that are threatened. Each member of organization represents a particular special function and received an award from the outside for that. The ability is proceeding from the capacity of personals on order to complete their tasks, and knowledge of personals are used to help their organization work effectively. Meanwhile, the culture in group or organization is not tool for sharing that was created by the founders. The organization is often compared with a family, community, it develop and bring up members who can exist long term. The development and prosperity of the organization are not considered good luck for the individual shareholders or the  ­way to make money illegally for directors, which is the valuable purpose. However, this aspect is not entirely accurate, because sometimes there have cases will need to have acumen and harmony, it will not a rigid stereotype. And the example of Japan will show this aspect in the example part. Discuss on examples Case in America One case occurred at a university in the U.S. in 2009, now it has not resolved because the discrimination problem In New York, a professor has just been fired  ­who claimed that he was discriminated because of his Hungarian origin. He is male and not gay, but his boss just like colleagues gay, and he lost his job because he complained about it That professor is Marosan Csaba (53 years old), who graduated from Budapest medical university, currently lives in Williamsville, New York (USA), taught at Trocaire medicine college which  ­is a small private school locate in Buffal, founded by o The Sisters of Mercy. His denunciation of the two dignitaries, Robert Mock and Thomas Mitchell has sought to discipline and forced him to resign. The human rights investigators found the evidence to support accusations from Marosan, that he was really fired because he submitted a complaint of discrimination. Documents of the investigation team wrote that the evidence shows unprecedented problems in behavior as well as the quality of the complainants, until after he brought the complaint. Even the evidence als o shows that people can promote Marosan with current qualities. April 2009 Marosan has filed the first complaint to the New York State Department of Human Rights (Human Rights Division), argue that managers  ­as critical Hungarian voice and his hungarian customary behavior. They proved to like other young workers, less capacity than, but also treated him with less favorable than female teachers. By December 2009 he was expelled, and last April he has complaints agian, this time adding discrimination based on gender trends. He report, there are two male employees under groups of Robert Mock and Thomas Mitchell has been promoted to director of the scientific field, although they have less experienced, less qualified than anyone in department. In fact, it would be very difficult to predict how the results  ­would. But this isnt the first instance of reported discrimination against heterosexuals. Fox News reports a recent Google policy that allegedly pays homosexual employees with domestic partners more to make up for the taxes they are required to pay on their health insurance. United States is a country with cultural multi-ethnic, multi-cultural. But hide after that multiculturalism curtain still exist discrimination, racism. It can be public or hidden subtly and discreetly that no fewer immigrants living in America understand it. Whatever case of Marosan has been reflecting on the existence of discrimination in situation of American business about gender, race, age, etc which are ­ factors that social and the law are condemning. In terms of Trocaire College is Trocaire dealing  ­with damage of its brand name, if the problem went worse, the risk of this school to be closed by other teachers will quit because of working in an environment of discrimination. Morover, students will not register on this school. A good teaching group is a valuable asset of a school, providing quality, brand name for the school. Thus Trocaire School should have a change in behavior, especially in the management of diversity, respect for differences. http://dantri.com.vn/c25/s119-442091/my-apple-bi-kien-phan-biet-doi-xu-voi-nhan-vien-cao-tuoi.htm KKK cai nhom do la nhung nguoi My Trang ho ghet My Den cho nen ho thuong hay kiem chuyen voi nguoi MY den va co khi thi giet nua Case in Europe Recently in Europe, there are two suicides shock at Disneyland Paris. France opened an investigation after two ­Ã‚ ­ suicides of employees at this park that related to w ­eak working conditions of Disney. In early April 2010 a chef of Disneyland hanged at his home near Paris, at the time he expected to return to work after a period of sick leave. This man is not only a unique chef of Disneyland suicide. At Febuary 21, there is a 30 years old chef also suicides at the park in which related to working conditions. Also in late 2009 Disneyland was sued with because of discrimination in the recruitment process. Accordingly, Disneyland only hired recruit who have white skin with the reason that talmost tourists come here also have white skin. Candidates applied for jobs might w ­rite in recruitment form of Disneyland Paris which including detail part of nationality, skin color, place of birth. Even extremely recruiting section extremely allergy with profiles came from the Indian Ocea n and the Caribbean because of dark skin color. This scandal is completely true because the criteria of the Disney Paris mostly serve for the Europeans, white race, and only little tourists are other skin color from Asia, Africa. Thus Disney Paris had basis for explain their action that aimed to serve to visitors. But they violated completely racial discrimination laws in Europe while European has been vehemently eliminating stigma through Acts, especially in France. DisneyParis knew ­Ã‚ ­ that because it has business experience in Europe nearly 20 years. Mean while there was a big scandal of  ­Adecco in 2005 about Discrimination. Increasingly Disney is less famous, it affect the business situation in France and instability in personnel management. Recalling the historical development of the Disney Paris we will partially understand the understanding of its  ­weak diversity management. Founded in 1992 originally called Euro-Disneyland, located in Paris the capital of France be cause France is a potential market with high welfare policies and there ­ was over 17 million people living around Paris with less than 20 minutes driving, which is added to the large volume of potential customers in EuropeBut the lack of understanding of European culture created barriers for Disney executives to succeed. Due to differences in habits between Americans and Europeans, most of the Disney executives are American and workers are mostly French, after that recruiting more staff across Europe. However there al ­ways has disagreement and discomfort of staff due to different habits of European and American. Approximately 1,000 employees who come from countries in Europe (accounting for 10% of total) had gone away within the first nine weeks ­. They said that training here as brainwashing and Americans did not know any thing about Europe. As the result more than $ 2 billion, data was reported in late 1994. Besides that the process of entering to European market was also fail completely because of lack of cultural understanding. The implementation of Euro Disney went completely the wrong direction with the actual needs of the Europeans. After two first years of failure, in 1995 Euro Disney might realize mistake and starting to change its organization, first of all renaming of Euro Disney to Disney Paris. Moreover, in the first time Disney Paris had the seeds of race discrimination, most black people were just doing a poor job and the team of actors  ­as almost not there. How Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and Tokyo organized as well, Disney Paris did much less. The reason might be because of stereotypes in the application of business forms. Disney had applied what has been successful in the U.S., Japan to the European market, but not mentioned much about cultural differences. I think Disnyland is a type of entertaining bussiness that existed on cultural diversity. Its main asset is not the machinery or anything that is good will. To get good s ervice for all the visitors, it needs to have a staff really good as actors, chefs, service staffs and both security guards. To achieve this, the first elements of Disney need to respect of differences. In order to limit the conflict and discord on staffs and litigations bring legal factors affect brand name. http://vietbao.vn/The-gioi/Cong-dong-Hoi-giao-chau-Au-doi-mat-voi-nan-phan-biet-doi-xu/30158565/159/ Case in Japan Another example comes from Asia, but no mention of discrimination anymore, issues around the harmony between individualism and collectivism, in other words, this example will illustrate the concept of stereotypes and preconceptions. The story told about Jean Safari, an inspector is investigating a serious mistake by an employee working at the Japanese subsidiary of a multinational company in the U.S. A division was installed wrong and both series have to dismantle reinstall the system. Cost pay for this mistake is very high. But when Jean asked the plant manager here about information of people who caused the incident and the penalty for that person, but the manager confirmed that he did not know anything. He told Jean that all working groups will be responsible, they did not talk to him about women employee might be responsible and he did not also asked them about that. Even supervisor also does not know and if he knew he would not tell the director. Jean said that if all of workers had been responsible. In fact, noone wanted, they are simply protecting mistake of others blindly. After that the manager has negative comments what she said politely but firmly, I understand that employee was very sad, she would ha ve tried to resign. The group also knows she must take responsibility and she felt ashamed. That group also knew that she was a new staff, moreover she is Korean and they were not helping her or considered that she has been trained properly or not. That is the reason why the group might apologize. I have their letter here. They are willing to say appology you openly. Jean really did not want that, she did not need apology, what she really wanted  ­that these mistakes would not happen anymore. Jean wondered if she should be investigated for the culprit or not? If that employee should be punished or not? And shes been founding out a way to change perspectives of the staff here, could be related to culture. In this example, the group would never reveal who has caused mistakes. The perpetrator of mistake will escape punishment. That depends on the group support or oppose in high quality and high productivity. If the group support the objectives of directors and thus the community associated  ­together, peple make mistakes will be ashamed. She would rather resign than face colleagues. But the crux of the problem is that members of the group should helpe her learn about what they know. And above all, directors should have the acumen to manage thier working groups, creating a tendency of working group correspond to the companys environment. The case of this company has had integration of individualism and collectivism. But it  ­went to bad tendency while the group did not share between individuals and did not give clear targets that need personal responsibility leaded to success. Untill mistakes occur, hold of the group was only responsible and apologized while individual make mistakes felt ashamed w ­ith the group and tried to resign. Both director and supervisor even did not know anything about the internal situation othe offending team, exactly they did not also want to know. All of these things were based off wrongful stereotypes. Conclusion Barriers of Communication are inevitable in the workplace. These barriers ­ alter the normal flow of information. The factors make distort the process of communication is called Interference. Interference can occur at any time, any stage in the communication process. Managers should be aware of the importance of understanding the communication process at work, outlines the good direction, the strategy correspond to context of a company legally, avoid cases of discrimination, stereotype and preconceptions.

I Desire a Masters in Science :: Graduate Admissions Essays

I Desire a Master's in Science    My interest in science dates back to my years in high school, where I excelled in physics, chemistry, and math. When I was a senior, I took a first-year calculus course at a local college (such an advanced-level class was not available in high school) and earned an A. It seemed only logical that I pursue a career in electrical engineering.    When I began my undergraduate career, I had the opportunity to be exposed to the full range of engineering courses, all of which tended to reinforce and solidify my intense interest in engineering. I've also had the opportunity to study a number of subjects in the humanities and they have been both enjoyable and enlightening, providing me with a new and different perspective on the world in which we live.    In the realm of engineering, I have developed a special interest in the field of laser technology and have even been taking a graduate course in quantum electronics. Among the 25 or so students in the course, I am the sole undergraduate. Another particular interest of mine is electromagnetics, and last summer, when I was a technical assistant at a world-famous local lab, I learned about its many practical applications, especially in relation to microstrip and antenna design. Management at this lab was sufficiently impressed with my work to ask that I return when I graduate. Of course, my plans following completion of my current studies are to move directly into graduate work toward my master's in science. After I earn my master's degree, I intend to start work on my Ph.D. in electrical engineering. Later I would like to work in the area of research and development for private industry. It is in R & D that I believe I can make the greatest contribution, utilizing my theoretical backgr ound and creativity as a scientist.

Minimum Legal Drinking Age

We believe that adults should have the right to make their own decision about the consumption of alcohol. 18 is the age of adulthood in the United States: you are eligible to vote, you can legally purchase cigarettes, you are eligible for the military draft – which includes that you are willing to die for this country-, you can sign contract, get married and you are even able to serve on a jury.So why can’t someone at the age of eighteen not drink alcohol? There is a study that shows there are fewer road accidents due to alcohol in countries where the minimum age for alcohol consumption is 18 years. Despite the fact that in 1984 the United States defined the minimum legal drinking age at 21 years old, its rate of traffic accidents decreased less than that of European countries during the 1980s. Moreover, allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink alcohol in regulated environments with supervision would decrease unsafe drinking activity.Prohibiting this age group from drinkin g in bars, restaurants, and other licensed locations causes them to drink in unsupervised places such as fraternity houses or house parties where they may be more prone to binge drinking and other unsafe behavior. We can also prove that high non-compliance with minimum legal drinking age 21 promotes general disrespect and non-compliance with other areas of US law.In fact, MLDA 21 encourages young adults to acquire and use false identification documents to procure alcohol. In this era of national security concerns, including terrorism, illegal immigration, and other threats, it would be better to have fewer fake IDs in circulation and more respect for the law. Finally, lowering MLDA 21 would be good for the economy. More people would legally be able to drink in bars, restaurants, and other licensed establishments. Revenue would increase for private business owners, and greater amounts of tax revenue would be collected by the government.

Restoring Balance Lab

Leo Tran IB Chemistry SL II R5 Ms. Crane January 4, 2012 Restoring Balance LAB Pre-Lab Questions 1. The solubility of iodine increases because the position of equilibrium has shifted towards the triiodide side of the reaction. Addition of the reactants causes an increase in the product which is directly related to the solubility of iodine in water in this case. 2. Ammonium chloride will be more soluble in hot water as in an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature (which is the same as adding heat – one of the reactants) will cause the position of equilibrium to shift towards the products to compensate for the change.More products are a result of increased solubility of Ammonium Chloride with water when temperature is increased. Post Lab Questions 1. CoCl42- ions are present in this solution as they are blue colored and the color of the Cobalt Chloride solution was blue when we recorded the color and appearance of the solution. 2. Co(H2O)62+ ion was favored by the addi tion of water as it is pink colored and when we added water to the cobalt chloride solution, it became pink. This was because the amount of Co(H2O)62+ ions went up(more pink) to compensate or even out the change.Adding more products resulted in the position of the equilibrium to shift towards the reactant side making it favor the Co(H2O)62+ ions. 3. (a) CoCl42- ion is favored by the addition of hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride. (b) Cl- ion (c) When the stress (Chlorine from hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride) is added on the reactant side (more reactants), the pink color reduces and blue color increases. In other words, CoCl42- is favored to compensate for the change or minimize the stress. 4. A. Adding a species which appears on the right side of an equation will shift the equilibrium to the left side of the equation.B. Adding a species which appears on the left side of an equation will shift the equilibrium to the right side of the equation. 5. Since acetone attracts wat er molecules (decrease water molecules from the reaction) the reaction tries to create more water. Making more of the product, it naturally makes more of all the products which creates CoCl42- ions (blue in color), resulting in a blue color of the system of chemicals. 6. (a) Ag+ + Cl- –> AgCl (b) The concentration of Cl- ions decreased as chlorine ions from the reactant side reacted with silver

Class or Mass Mini Case Analysis Essay

‘Neptune Gourmet Seafood’ is worth $820 million, is the third-largest North American seafood producer and is believed to be the most up market player in the $20 Billion seafood industry. Neptune has done everything in terms of their quality and technology for improved, efficient & sustainable production. Therefore, living up to their tagline, ‘The Best Seafood on the Water Planet’. In spite of having the best quality produce and substantial market share, the company is facing inventory problems. The company has purchased six new Freezer Trawlers, thereby increasing their original level of production in threefold, from what it had been a year ago. The company’s sales executive Rita Sanchez suggests that the company must reduce their prices by 40% to 50% and sell the lower priced goods as a new brand, thereby reducing the excess levels of inventory. Neptune’s marketing director Jim Hargrove was unhappy with the idea of slashing their prices since , there were chances for the company to lose their existing customers and it cannot afford to have a fall in their revenue levels, as sunk costs have gone up and there is an increase in competition. Instead, Jim suggests that there be a 10% discount given on the finished goods as the discount rate sounds more realistic and there would be no misrepresentation to the existing consumers about the sudden fall in Neptune’s finished goods. Neptune’s COO Bernard Germain wonders whether Neptune should target a new geographical market viz. South and Central America. On further analysis and study of the case, the three most realistic options that Neptune should implement are enumerated as follows. Firstly, the company can reduce their prices by 40% to 50%; secondly, Neptune can launch a low priced seafood brand through private labeling; and finally, the company should target new geographical markets. With regards to the first option, the company should reduce their prices by 40% to 50% on their finished goods. The advantages of this approach are namely, that the consumers will understand that Neptune is selling a perishable product and its supply varies on a daily basis; jus t like those of other perishables like vegetables, fruits and flowers. Hence, the prices of these perishables are expected to vary on a regular basis. This will in turn normalize the inventory levels. On the other hand, the disadvantages of this approach are enumerated as follows. Firstly, the company’s margins have already shrunk by 10% because of increase in the manufacturing costs on a number of its products, and growing competition. Secondly, the sudden drop in prices might cause retaliation among competitors which will cause some of the smaller companies to incur losses they cannot afford and in turn lead to price wars that none of them in the industry can afford. And finally, it might misrepresent the company’s products to the customers. The customers might wonder, as to why there is a sudden drop in prices when the company was selling their goods at premium price levels, leading them to question the quality of the product that is being sold at discounted prices. The most viable reason for the implementation of this approach is that the loss incurred in slashing prices is much less when compared to loosing large amounts of inventory, being a perishable good. With regards to the second approach, the company can introduce a low-priced seafood brand catering the value -minded customers and distribute them via existing channels, thereby drastically reducing costs. The excess inventory can be distributed through existing suppliers & retailers. The costs we will incur to market and package those goods will be reduced when compared to the costs incurred in creating a mass market brand. The main advantage of this approach is that, since wholesalers and retailers (like Shaw’s Supermarkets and Whole Foods Market) already know about Neptune’s Seafood products; they know the level of quality goods and that Neptune is the only company to have the ‘Gold Seal of Approval’ which is given by the powerful ‘U.S. Association of S eafood Processors and Distributors’, on every product Neptune sells. Hence, the private labelers can make profits in selling Neptune’s frozen seafood but with their own brand. Through this the company will not lose their existing customers and price wars can be avoided. However, the disadvantages to this approach is that, through private labeling the new brand might end up as a competitor to the existing Neptune Gold products as they have the same quality and cannibalize Neptune’s existing sales. Since, there are already a number of competitors in the industry the company must not pave way for, or create a new one to enter the market over a period of time. Consumers might want to try out the new brand as it is priced slightly lower than Neptune’s existing products. Hence, the chance of losing loyal and valuable customers. This approach gives the chance for the company to target those consumers who are in the middle and lower income levels. Thereby, capturing a larger market share and also helps to deal with excess inventory levels in the long run. And finally, elaborating on the third approach Neptune can target new geographical markets outside the country viz., South America and Central America. If Neptune targets a new foreign market the company can grow on a global basis, hence increasing their revenues rather than incurring a loss with their excessive inventory levels. With slightly lower prices Neptune can grab the attention of new consumers and therefore capture all together a new market segment abroad. The disadvantages to this approach are that, there are chances that the product might not be received well because of market leaders in their own country or market. The company will have to incur large amounts of costs to launch the product in a new market. The process of targeting a new geographic market is time consuming as the company will have to study the foreign market as in, the customers and their preferences. Neptune cannot afford to wait as inventory will begin to spoil and the Company might lose its premium image. However, Neptune can treat this as a growth strategy and take the opportunity of growing globally. If Neptune had information pertaining to, whether the excess inventory problem is being faced by other competitors also or if it was only for the company; then they can analyse as to whether the prices should really be slashed. The company can get access to this information by holding a meeting with the U.S. ASPD. But on the other hand, had the company have access to this information and summed up that there are other companies with the same issues with excess inventory; then it would be wise to slash their rates as it is an industry wide phenomenon. From the three approaches mentioned above, the company should consider and implement the third option, where in, Neptune targets a new geographical region. Given that this approach is the most expensive and time consuming, looking in the long run this seems to be the most viable and realistic approach. The company might have to sacrifice future profits for a period of time in order to grow globally. Since we know that the company has invested $9 million in new freezer trawlers, the levels of production are only going to increase. These increased levels of inventory can be marketed in a new market and the company will soon slowly earn back their investments in the form of revenues.