The Feathered Dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era

Part of the reason so many ordinary people doubt the evolutionary link between feathered dinosaurs and birds is because when they think of the word dinosaur, they picture enormous beasts like Brachiosaurus and Tyrannosaurus Rex, and when they think of the word bird, they picture harmless, rodent-sized pigeons and hummingbirds, or perhaps the occasional eagle or penguin. (See a gallery of feathered dinosaur pictures and profiles and an article explaining why birds arent dinosaur-sized.) Closer to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, though, the visual referents are a lot different. For decades, paleontologists have been digging up small, birdlike theropods (the same family of two-legged, meat-eating dinosaurs that includes tyrannosaurs and raptors) bearing unmistakable evidence of feathers, wishbones, and other bits of avian anatomy. Unlike larger dinosaurs, these smaller theropods tend to be unusually well-preserved, and many such fossils have been discovered completely intact (which is more than can be said for the average sauropod). Types of Feathered Dinosaurs So many dinosaurs of the later Mesozoic Era sported feathers that its virtually impossible to pin down the exact definition of a true dino-bird. These include: Raptors. Despite what you saw in Jurassic Park, Velociraptor was almost certainly covered with feathers, as was the dinosaur it was modeled on, Deinonychus. At this point, the discovery of a provably non-feathered raptor would be major news! Ornithomimids. Bird mimic dinosaurs like Ornithomimus and Struthiomimus probably looked like giant ostriches, complete with feathers--if not all over their bodies, at least on certain regions. Therizinosaurs. All of the dozen or so genera of this small family of bizarre, long-clawed, plant-eating theropods likely had feathers, though this has yet to be conclusively proven. Troodonts and oviraptorosaurs. Typified by, you guessed it, the North American Troodon and the central Asian Oviraptor, virtually all of the members of this theropod family seem to have been covered with feathers. Tyrannosaurs. Believe it or not, we have conclusive evidence that least some tyrannosaurs (like the recently discovered Yutyrannus) were feathered--and the same may hold for the juveniles of Tyrannosaurus Rex. Avialan dinosaurs. Heres where paleontologists classify the feathered dinosaurs that dont fit in the above categories; the most famous avialan is Archaeopteryx. Further complicating matters, we now have evidence that at least some genera of ornithopods, plant-eating dinosaurs unrelated to modern birds, had primitive feathers as well! (For more on this subject, see Why Did Dinosaurs Have Feathers?) Which Feathered Dinosaurs Evolved Into Birds? What do all of these genera tell us about the evolution of prehistoric birds from dinosaurs? Well, for starters, its impossible to pin down a single missing link between these two types of animals. For a while, scientists believed the 150-million-year-old Archaeopteryx was the indisputable transitional form, but its still not clear if this was a true bird (as some experts claim) or a very small, and not very aerodynamic, theropod dinosaur. (In fact, a new study claims that the feathers of Archaeopteryx werent strong enough to sustain extended bursts of flight.) For more, see Was Archaeopteryx a Bird or a Dinosaur? The problem is, the subsequent discovery of other small, feathered dinosaurs that lived around the same time as Archaeopteryx--such as Epidendrosaurus, Pedopenna and Xiaotingia--has muddied the picture considerably, and theres no ruling out the possibility that future paleontologists will unearth dino-birds dating to as far back as the Triassic period. In addition, its far from clear that all of these feathered theropods were closely related: evolution has a way of repeating its jokes, and feathers (and wishbones) may well have evolved multiple times. (For more on this subject, see How Did Feathered Dinosaurs Learn to Fly?) The Feathered Dinosaurs of Liaoning Every now and then, a treasure trove of fossils forever changes the publics perception of dinosaurs. Such was the case in the early 1990s, when researchers uncovered the rich deposits in Liaoning, a northeastern province of China. All of the fossils discovered here--including exceptionally well-preserved feathered theropods, accounting for over a dozen separate genera--date from about 130 million years ago, making Liaoning a spectacular window into the early Cretaceous period. (You can recognize a Liaoning dino-bird from its name; witness the sino, meaning Chinese, in Sinornithosaurus, Sinosauropteryx and Sinovenator.) Since Liaonings fossil deposits represent a mere snapshot in the 165-million-year-old rule of the dinosaurs, their discovery raises the possibility that more dinosaurs were feathered than scientists have ever dreamed--and that the evolution of dinosaurs into birds was not a one-time, non-repeatable, linear process. In fact, its very possible that dinosaurs evolved into what we would recognize as birds numerous times over the course of the Mesozoic Era--with only one branch surviving into the modern age and producing those pigeons, sparrows, penguins and eagles we all know and love.

Finance - 3424 Words

The Developing Manager [Writer Name] [Institute Name] [Date] The Developing Manager Introduction The efficient management of any organization is the central driver of the constant achievement of the business and it is influenced by both the internal and external factors of the organization. It is vital that the Top Management aims to display successful leadership management in organisation concurrently and in view of other duties responsibilities. The Report aims to enhance the understanding regarding leadership Managerial skills. This report will discuss the practices and management principles, will perform the review regarding potential as prospective manager, display managerial skills in the business services context,†¦show more content†¦The combined Business communication is the vital to achievement at QinetiQ North America. When QinetiQ utilize the news media to advertise their competitive advantage to general public, their aim was to be receiving the favourable response from general public. The combined Business communication in text indicates to the planning process, functioning and assessing unified messages which develops Stakeholder relationship and develops the Brand Recognition (Dyck, 2008). At QinetiQ, the performance of Interpersonal communication move is normally in the type of a combined process team where the members like the scientists, Engineers and other professional of team interrelate with each other in order to distribute superior Quality products services. Due to the result of QinetiQ, combined Business communication practice, they are rewarded a contract from Defence Department in order to assist their armed robotic vision for unmanned road vehicles. Organizational Culture and Change: Changing an organisations culture is not easy and many will attest to the fact that it does not happen overnight. QinetiQ N.A. strategic plan was to send a clear message to the public by utilizing the media to show that they are making changes in the company to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors; by changing the leadership at the top. This was accomplished when a new senior vice president of business development wasShow MoreRelatedFinance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial manager differ from the traditional financial manager? Does the modern financial managers role differ for the large diversified firm and the small to medium size firm? 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It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

Theme of Marriage in Jude-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyse the theme of Marriage in Jude the Obscure and A Room of Ones Own. Answer: Introduction: The following essay forages the theme of love and marriage in the nineteenth and twentieth century English literature with special reference to two of the greatest and most discussed literary pieces- Jude the Obscure, written by Thomas Hardy and A Rome of Ones Own written by Virginia Woolf. Though both of the literary pieces are quite different from each other in terms of dealing with the core subjects, a critical deconstruction leads towards a common platform of analysis. As a matter of fact, the intelligibility of the authors, playwrights and the poets and their acceptance of social practice pertaining to marriage had multi dimensional attitude though bringing the conclusion in to a single plinth of women emancipation. While one talk about the concept of marriage, Jane Austen cannot be negated however, the notion of women emancipation does not have strict hold on social liberalisation and empowerment of women. However, the effort of such would be found in the play A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. Valerie Sanders has found that 19th century European literature took a massive turn in terms of perceiving marriage and expectations from women in so called progressing European society. With conceptual turnaround through the Norwegian Feminist movement, social strata of women succinctly became specific. This essay would continue to focus on the institutionalization of marriage that has been interpreted as flawed and unmerited. Hardy on a humanistic point of view has incorporated the concepts of feigned pregnancy, marital envy, achievement of social status through marriage. On the other hand the third chapter of A Room of Ones Own deals radically with the acceptance of marriage. A radical discourse can be taken into consideration since it has been dealt by Virginia Woolf. William Goetz in his paper The Felicity and Infelicity of Marriage in Jude Obscure has argued when Jude Obscure was published in 1895, it was interpreted in many quarters as Hardys contribution to the growing contemporary debate on the question of marriage. The candid treatment of marriage and sex in the novel became sensational with its contemporary conflict of its both. The novel depicts Jude, the protagonist who is viced into marrying Arabella by her contrived pregnancy. In this aspect, the act of pretention of Arabella can be taken into consideration of this critical paper. The novel stages the entire argument on the institution of marriage. As a matter of fact, Hardy does not show negativism towards the theme and concept of marriage. The historical conflict in the conception and perception of marriage in Jude and Sues family creates a basic difference in the basic understanding of the entire story. You have never loved me as I love you- never- never! Yours is not a passionate heart- your heart does not burn in a flame! You are, upon the whole, a sort of fay, or spirit- not a woman!- Sue was quite convalescent in delivering such dialogue. Chapter 3 of the novel deals with the separation of Jude and Sue. The chapter deals with a scene where two of the characters are found to sit together without even talking to each other. The stolid obstructiveness between two of the characters have been noticed during the entire course of the chapter. The cross marriage decision taken by the characters has to be taken in to certain consideration. Hardys presentation of the tragedy of Little Father Times murder becomes a natural consequence of failed marriages and unsuccessful gaiety. The negative consideration of marriage takes a sudden leap for the entire understanding of the actual case analysis of the characters. While studying the entire novel different questions pertaining to Hardys association with feminist approach can be taken in to consideration. According to Fang and Jiang, the feminist approach of Thomas Hardy can be judged through the characterisation of Sue Bridehead. Sympathising the circumstances that the Victorian women would undergo, Hardy has argued that the anti- marriage pronouncement of Sue; her refusal to accept the traditionally ascribed role of women in the Victorian society, acceptance of marriage and maternity has been a stoic change in the perception. Sues character reminds the reader of Wollstonecrafts essay Vindication of the Rights of Women. Sue in the novel is no polished a lady with Victorian elite. Sues consideration of love and marriage as a new woman is distinctively modern if not Victorian in approach. The aforesaid critics argument can be countered with the help of the following concepts. On the other hand, chapter three in A Room of Ones Own Virginia Woolf has elucidated the theme of marriage. With the effective understanding of the entre human race pertaining to the acceptance of marriage in a society that is somehow sombre and persuasive, it can be stated that expected change was somehow delinked. The essay has been a strong piece through which Virginia Woolf has considered that marriage has always been a hindrance to the emancipation and establishment of dignity of the women. As a matter of fact, the impactful marriage criteria have been a positive check with the help of a womans own room that would address the establishment of the entire understanding References: Dwivedi, V., 2016. Attitude of New Woman in Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure.International Journal of Multifaceted and Multilingual Studies,3(4). Hardy, T., 2016.Jude the Obscure (Norton Critical Editions). WW Norton Company. Li, L., 2013. A Probe Into the Narrative Structure of Jude the Obscure.Studies in Literature and Language,7(1), p.52. Woolf, V., 2015.A room of one's own and three guineas. OUP Oxford.

Persuasive Analysis - Henrys Speech to the Virginia Convention free essay sample

Persuasive Analysis Henrys Speech to the Virginia Convention Patrick Henry in the speech, Speech to the Virginia Convention suggest that the American Colonists join his cause to fight against Britain in order to gain liberty. Henry uses many rhetorical devices in order to persuade the audience to join his fight. Some of the devices Henry uses include ethos, logos, pathos, allusions, and so on. Even though most of Henrys logic benefited him in persuading his audience, there were some parts of his logic where he exaggerated too much as well. In the speech to the Virginia Convention, Henry uses the rhetorical devices of ethos, pathos, rhetorical questions, and metaphors to his advantage in winning over the minds of the American colonists. Henry starts his speech by saying My. President: No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Analysis Henrys Speech to the Virginia Convention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Henry uses ethos to set a good image of himself. By saying that he thinks highly of patriotism, people will see his as a good man who knows what he is doing. For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a questions of freedom or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate. Henry also uses ethos to make the colonist believe that he is a person who is fighting for the good of freedom. I have but on lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. This is not only a metaphor, but an allusion that appeals to ethos and pathos as well. In metaphorically calling experience a lamp, he is saying that experience will show or light the way for the future. There is a Biblical allusion here to the scripture which that Gods word is a lamp unto thy feet and a light unto thy path. This is an appeal to authority (God or the Bible). This is also an appeal to ethos and pathos because it shows him as a spiritual person (ethos) and it suggests safety and security (pathos). By saying this quote, he has easily swayed the colonist to join him after they hear all the assurance Henry showed. Can gentlemen assign any other possible motives for it? Has Great Britain any enemy in this quarter of the world to call for all this accumulation of navies and rmies? No, sir, she has none. In paragraph 4, Henry uses a series of rhetorical questions then follows each one with a declarative sentence answering his questions. The rhetorical effect is that he emphasizes the military procedures which the British are taking. This creates an appeal to pathos because it evokes fear in the minds of the American colonists, which would bring them to join Henry Even thou gh Henry uses his logic well to persuade the Americans, there are also some parts where he exaggerates as well . One common type of fallacy that Henry uses is an either-or fallacy; either gain independence by war with Britain or forever stay under the manipulation of the British empire. For example, For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate.. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth Henry claims that freedom from Britain is the only solution to their problems. By doing so, the audience is more engaged on his side of the agreement and may not see any sense of the argument as a result. There is no retreat but in submission in slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! Henrys statement only commits the fallacy of only two alternatives. Either America fights in order to obtain freedom, or America submits to being enslaved by the British. They tell us, sir, that we are weak unable to cope with the so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance, by lying supinely on our backs, and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? This demonstrates an appeal to consequences. Henry, although never outright says it, is trying to say that we are strong enough to fight back. He states this indirectly by asking when we will be strong enough and then he hints at the consequences. The consequence would be the result of the colonies not fighting back against Britain in time. He is trying to tell the audience that they need to realize they are strong enough to resist the British, and that if they do not, then they will suffer the consequences. The is over exaggerating since Henry only sets out two choices instead of all the other possible choices there could be. Henrys purpose in the speech to the Virginia Convention was to persuade his audience to join his fight against the British in order to gain liberty and independence. Patrick Henry uses ethos to apply authority and a good image to himself in order to sway the colonist into believing him. He also uses pathos to strike fear into the hearts of the Americans or provide security and hope. But even though Henry sways his audience with his logic, there are certain parts where he exaggerates too much and provides only two possible outcomes. Either fight against Britain and gain freedom, or submit and become enslaved. This only gives the audience two things to think about and they do not consider any other outcome.