Acute Myocardial Infarction and Periodontal Disease

Acute myocardial infarction and Periodontal DiseaseResearch FindingsThe strike examined the association amid acute myocardial infarction and periodontal diseases using cross atomal design. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS/PC Windows version 21.0 software big money (IBM, Inc.). The sample size taken for the study was 80 (Cases=40, Control=40). The bivariate association between the studied variables, acute MI and periodontitis (dichotomized) was canvass with the appropriate ladder. A logical implication level of p0.05 was considered blind drunkingful and the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Further, conditional logistic regression analysis/ cox regression analysis (11 matched pairs) was ingestiond to evaluate the independent part of periodontal diseases to the risk of acute myocardial infarction and also to go up the relationship between AMI and other possible explanatory variables. The risk factors much(prenominal) as tobacco habit, smoking, dietary habits, family history of diabetes, were forced into the model. The following section presents the results.Descriptive Statistics and Preliminary Analyses tie between acute myocardial infarction and study variables. The table on a lower floor presents the association between Acute myocardial Infarction and study variables. The results showed that odds of outcome (AMI) were significantly higher in subjects with periodontitis, smoking habits, hypertension and mixed dietary habits. Out of the total 80 patients, the majority of the periodontitis patients (82.5%) were present within the baptistery group (AMI patients) (p=0.026). Similarly, the prevalence of smoking (52.5% vs. 27.5%, p=0.031) and hypertension (52.5% vs. 47.9%, pTable 6 standoff between Acute Myocardial Infarction and study variables*p standstill between periodontitis and study variables. The table beneath presents the association between Periodontitis and study variables. The results showed that odds of outcome (periodontitis) were significantly higher in subjects with smoking habits, hypertension and alcohol drinking (pTable 7Association between Periodontitis and study variablesConditional Logistic Regression analytic thinking Using Cox Proportional Hazard ModelFollowing the prior analysis cox regression analyses were used to assess the independent office of periodontal diseases to the risk of acute myocardial infarction and also to ferret out the relationship between an AMI event and possible explanatory variables. To control the make of multiple potential con set upers, multivariate model were also fitted by fashion model periodontitis as a time varying covariant in a model.Cox proportional hazard analysis allowed the researcher to include the predictor variables (covariates) one by one into the subsequent models. This provided estimated coefficients for each of the covariates and allowed the researcher to assess the impact of multiple covariates in the same model. We c an also use Cox regression to examine the effect of continuous covariates such as BMI. The following recoding was done to examine the association between AMI and periodontitis. Socio stinting spot=0 (Reference category) Lower 1= hurrying Lower 2=Lower middle 3=Upper middle 4=Upper Family history=0 (Reference category) No 1=Yes Exercise=0 (Reference category) Yes 1=No Hyper tension=0 (Reference category) No 1=Yes Diabetes=0 (Reference category) No 1=Yes Dietary habit=0 (Reference category) Vegetarian 1=Mixed heater habit=0 (Reference category) Non-smoker 1= Former smoker 2= smoking carriage Smokeless tobacco habit=0 (Reference category) Non- drug users 1= Former user 2=Current user Alcohol drinking=0 (Reference category) Non-drinker 1= Current drinker 2=Ir fixing abstainer Marital status=0 (Reference category) Unmarried 1= Married 2=Divorced. The conditional logistic regression estimates the odds ratio, and an exact 95% confidence interval. Table 3, below presents the association between AMI and Periodontitis using Cox regression.Table 8Cox RegressionDependent variable Acute Myocardial InfarctionConditional logistic regression analysis outcomes indicated the presence of a significant association between AMI and periodontitis (Beta=1.358, p= .039 In all the stages, for regular exercise the beta value is negative which means it is a defensive factor or is inversely related as acute myocardial events, however this association is not statistically significant to report.Statistical analytic thinking of Other Clinical Parameters (DMFT, CPI and LOA puddles) sample for normality. To try the impudence of normality, the study used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks test. From this test, the Sig. (p) value was matchd to the priori alpha level (level of significance for the statistic) and a aim was made as to reject (p ) the null supposal. The Table 1 below shows that where = 0.001, given that p Table 9Test for NormalityTest for homogeneity of variance (equality of variances). Further, to test the assumption of homogeneity of variance, where the null hypothesis assumes no difference between the two groups variances (H0 2 1 = 2 2), a non-parametric Levenes test for equality of variances is the around commonly used statistic to verify the equality of variances in the samples (homogeneity of variance) especially for non-normally distributed data. Therefore, Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis Levens test was applied. The Levenes test uses the level of significance set a priori for the t test analysis (e.g., = .05) to test the assumption of homogeneity of variance. However, in SPSS its challenging to execute Levens test for non-normally distributed data in one step. Hence steps were applied to stool three new variables such as ranked data, group mean ranks and deviation from mean ranks. Finally, the differences were computed using ANOVA and the p value was found to be Table 10Test StatisticsMann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W test compari ng medians. As the data is non-homogenous and non-normally distributed, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W tests were used to compare the median scores of DMFT, CPI and LOA scores, and also to check the significance of differences. void Hypothesis Median score of DMFT, CPI and LOA is same for both movement and control.Alternative hypothesis Median score of DMFT, CPI and LOA differs between case and control.Table 11Test StatisticsDMFT ScoreCPI ScoreLOA ScoreMann-Whitney U403.500340.500374.500Wilcoxon W1223.5001160.5001194